Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Females with obesity exhibit greater influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection than males in a mouse model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vaccine-induced antibody responses in males and females, with or without obesity. Male and female C57BL/6J mice, with or without obesity were vaccinated twice with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) vaccine at a 3-week interval. At 35 days post-vaccination (dpv), blood samples were collected, and antibodies were measured in plasma. (A) IgG, (B) IgG1, (C) IgG2c, (D) IgG1 to IgG2c ratio, and (E) virus-neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers are compared (dashed line – limit of detection; n=13-15/group). Subjects that had an antibody titer below the limit of detection are shown in percent in each figure. Statistical comparisons were made using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (A-E) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p<0.05) and a hash ( # ) represents a trend (0.05≤p≤0.1). NO-M, non-obese males; NO-F, non-obese females; O-M, males with obesity; O-F, females with obesity.

Article Snippet: Secondary antibodies used were IgG (#31430, Invitrogen, CA, USA), IgG1 (#PA1-74421, Invitrogen, CA, USA), and IgG2c (#56970, Cell Signaling Technologies, MA, USA), followed by the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate reagent (#555214, BD Biosciences, CA, USA) addition (50μL/well).

Techniques: Virus, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Females with obesity exhibit greater influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection than males in a mouse model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699275

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparisons of immunity and protection between non-responder females (i.e., NR-F) and responder females with obesity (i.e., R/O-F). Following 12 weeks on HFD, nearly 2/3 rd of females developed obesity, and the remainder were non-responders. (A) Baseline body mass; (B) body mass over 12 weeks on HFD; (C) week 12 body mass; (D) body mass index (BMI); (E) glucose tolerance test (GTT) time course (0–120 min); and (F) GTT area under the curve (AUC) are shown (n=9-19/group). After prime-boost vaccination with the inactivated 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine, at 35 days post-vaccination (dpv), (G) IgG, (H) IgG1, (I) IgG2c, (J) IgG1/IgG2c, and (K) virus-neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were measured (dashed line – limit of detection, n=9-15/group). Following the challenge with the drift variant of H1N1 virus, (L) absolute (g) and (M) relative (%) body mass change through 21 days post-challenge (dpc); (N) lung viral titers at 3 dpc; and (O) log 10 -transformed cytokines/chemokines concentrations at 3 dpc were compared (n=3-5/group). Statistical comparisons were made using the (A, C, D, F, G-K, N) Mann-Whitney test, (B, E, L, M) two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons, and (O) , unpaired T-test followed by Holm-Sidak test for multiple comparisons. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p<0.05) and a hash ( # ) represents a trend (0.05≤p≤0.1).

Article Snippet: Secondary antibodies used were IgG (#31430, Invitrogen, CA, USA), IgG1 (#PA1-74421, Invitrogen, CA, USA), and IgG2c (#56970, Cell Signaling Technologies, MA, USA), followed by the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate reagent (#555214, BD Biosciences, CA, USA) addition (50μL/well).

Techniques: Virus, Variant Assay, Transformation Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Flagellin co-expression potentiates mRNA vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses but not anti-tumor immunity

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21238-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: FljB co-expression potentiates Th2-biased IgG1 antibody responses. (A) . Illustration of experimental schedules. Note: mice in empty LNP group were euthanized on day 59 and one mouse in OVA mRNA group was euthanized on day 62 due to reaching humane endpoint. All other mice were euthanized on day 64. (B) . OVA-specific IgG (left) and subtype IgG1 (middle) and IgG2c antibody responses (right) after prime. (C) . FljB-specific IgG antibody responses after prime. D-E . Serum IL-6 levels 3, 24, and 48 h after prime (D) or boost (E) . Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used to compare differences of other groups with OVA mRNA group in B-E . n = 5. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. NS, not significant.

Article Snippet: After blocking with 5% non-fat milk, 4-fold serial dilutions of serum samples were added and the plates were incubated at room temperature for 90 min. After washing, HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (NA931, Cytiva), subtype IgG1 (PA1-74421, Invitrogen), and IgG2c antibodies (A90-136P, Bethyl Laboratories) were added and the plates were incubated at room temperature for 1 h. After washing, TMB substrates were added and the plates were incubated in the dark for 15–30 min. After adding 2M H 2 SO 4 , optical absorbances were read at 450 nm and 570 nm in a microplate reader (Molecule Devices).

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison